Difference Between Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS-XE

Introduction

Cisco has been in the leadership of technology for networking for many years, with its operating systems being core to the operation of network gear. Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) and IOS-XE are the most passionately discussed operating systems. They both serve as software platforms for Cisco devices, but with distinct architectures, features, and use cases. This post will take the reader through the differences that set Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS-XE apart for better appreciation of their functionalities.

What is Cisco IOS?

IOS is the traditional operating system used in most Cisco network devices, like routers and switches. It is a monolithic operating system and is even capable of allowing many processes to run in the same memory space. Some of the key characteristics of Cisco IOS are as follows:

Key Features of Cisco IOS:

1. Monolithic Architecture – So it seems that it’s happening in Router, Switch, and Security all running from a single memory space.
2. Command-Line Interface (CLI) – Provides CLI (command-line interface) for device configuration and management.
3. Limited Modularity – The OS has limited flexibility for adding more features on the fly.
4. Used in Legacy Devices – Primarily found in older routers and switches.
5. Resource Constraints – For being a system based on the low resources and processing speed of the hardware, the OS of the device may not come close to the sleek virtualization systems we are used to this age.

Limitations of Cisco IOS:

• Due to lack of modularity, system crashes are severely impairing the OS’s performance.
• Another example is the fact that there is no distinct separation of control and management to data, leading to performance bottlenecks.
• Not much advancement has been seen in support for automation and APIs.

What is Cisco IOS-XE?

Cisco IOS-XE is a sophisticated operating system based on the Cisco IOS architecture, with architectural enhancements. It operates on new Cisco hardware and its software enhancements include features like modularization, virtualization, and scalability.

Key Features of Cisco IOS-XE:

1. Linux-Based Architecture – Linux kernel powers up IOS-XE,  thus  having a better security and reposive flexibility.
2. Modular Design – Like Cisco IOS XE, unlike Cisco IOS, IOS-XE supports separate processes. This means that individual components can be restarted without affecting the whole system.
3. Separation of Control and Data Plane – Enhances performance and stability.
4. Support for APIs and Automation – One has to concede to the fact further that today, the transition towards network automation and programmability can be guided in some way via REST APIs, NETCONF, and YANG models.
5. Support for Virtualization – All networks are based on Cisco IOx, a comprehensive solution for all of the developers who wanted to containerize, develop, and execute applications on this platform.
6. High Scalability – Designed for environments in the enterprise and for service providers with more complicated networking needs.

Advantages of Cisco IOS-XE:

• Improved Stability – A single failure does not bring the entire system crashing down.
• Better Resource Utilization – Optimized use of CPU and memory.
• Support for Cloud and SD-WAN – Makes it ideal for modern networking solutions.
• Advanced Security Features – Includes built-in security enhancements.

Conclusion

Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS-XE are powerful operating systems that cater to different needs. Cisco IOS is more suited for legacy devices with simpler networking requirements, while Cisco IOS-XE offers extensive features, modularity, and scalability, very much aligned for a modern enterprise network. Organizations that truly value future-proof solutions, automated operations, and better performance should consider making their way towards Cisco IOS-XE in the long run.  For more details on networking insights, tips, and guides, stay tuned with Jazz Cyber Shield!